Readings

Lakoff, G. "The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor." In Metaphor and Thought. Edited by A. Ortony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, November 26, 1993, pp. 202-251. ISBN: 0521405610.

Coyne, R. "Computers, Metaphors, and Change." Arq 1 (1995): 62-67.

Travers, M. D. "Metaphors and Models for Computation." Chapter 2 in Programming with Agents: New Metaphors for Thinking about Computation. PhD dissertation, Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, 1996.
(you can skim section 2.2.3)

Optional Readings

Agre, P. E. Computation and Human Experience (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN: 0521386039. (go through chapter 2 "Metaphor in practice" and chapter 3 "Machinery and dynamics" excerpt)

Habraken, N. J., M. Gross, et al. Concept Design Games. Book One: Developing. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987, pp. 1-1 - 1-7, 2-1 - 2-15, 3-1 - 3-11.

———. Concept Design Games. Book Two: Playing. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987, pp. 0-1 - 0-5, 2-1 - 2-10, 3-1 - 3-8.

Reddy, M. J. "The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language about Language." In Metaphor and Thought. Edited by A. Ortony (1993). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 165-201.

Wittgenstein, L. Preliminary Studies for the "Philosophical Investigations": Generally Known as the Blue and Brown Books. New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1958, pp. vii-xvi, 77-89.

Mitchell, William J. The Logic of Architecture. Design, Computation and Cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990, pp. 131-181. ISBN: 9780262631167.

Nagakura, T. "Shape Recognition and Transformation" In Electronic Design Studio. Edited by Malcolm McCullough, William J. Mitchell, and Patrick Purcell. Cambridge: MIT Press, September 10, 1990, pp. 149-170. ISBN: 0262132540.

Schön, Donald A. Chapters 1-3 in Educating the Reflective Practitioner. Josey-Bass, February 1, 1990, pp. 1-79. ISBN: 1555422209.

Knight, T. W. "Shape Grammars in Education and Practice: History and Prospects." International Journal of Design Computing 2, 1999-2000.

  Minsky, M. The Society of Mind. New York: Touchstone, 1985, pp. 133-135. ISBN: 0671657135. [Read sections 13.1, 13.2, 13.3 (Reformulation, Boundaries, Seeing and Believing)]

Stiny, G. "New Ways to Look at Things." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. Anniversary Issue, 1998, pp. 68-75.

Knight, T. W. "Shape Grammars." In Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. Anniversary Issue, 1998, pp. 86-91.

Excerpt from Cope, D. "Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Creativity." In Virtual Music. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, pp. 323-324.

Excerpt from Bamberger, J. S. "Developing Musical Structures: A Reflective Practicum." MIT Faculty Newsletter 17, no. 1 (Sept/Oct, 2004). [Comments about the music fundamentals course Bamberger has taught at MIT for many years.]

Mitchell, W. J. "Roll Over Euclid: How Frank Gehry Designs Buildings." In Frank Gehry, Architect. Edited by J. Fiona Ragheb. NY: Guggenheim Museum Publications, July 2003. ISBN: 0892072776.

Iovine, J. V. "Building a Bad Reputation." New York Times, Sunday, August 8th, 2004.

Minsky, M. "Why People Think Computers Can't." AI Magazine 3, no. 4, (1982). [Reprinted in Technology Review, (Nov/Dec 1983), and in The Computer Culture, (Donnelly, Ed.) Associated University Presses, Cranbury NJ, 1985]

Purpose of Readings

NY article - The relationship between the construction industry and designers

Mitchell - Overall article on digital fabrication.

Minsky - The idea of making intelligent machines

Abelson, H. and G. Sussman. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780262510875. [Read forewords and excerpts.]

Alexander, C. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994, pp. 73-95. ISBN: 0674627512.

Minsky, M. The Society of Mind. New York: Touchstone, 1985. ISBN: 0671657135. [Read sections 2.5, 13.3-5, 14.1, 15.10-11]

Maeda, J. Creative Code: Aesthetics + Computation. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004, pp. 112-115. ISBN: 0500285179.

Benjamin, A. and L. Chris. Tooling.

Optional Readings

Hung, C.K. and J. Frazer and T.M. Xi. Interactive Evolutionary Design in a Hierarchical Way. (PDF)

Jefferson, D. et al. The Genesys System: Evolution as a Theme in Artificial Life.

Sims, K. "Evolving Virtual Creatures." Computer Graphics. Annual Conference Series, (SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings), (1994): 15-22. (PDF)

———. "Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition." In Artificial Life IV Proceedings . Edited by R. Brooks and P. Maes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994, pp. 28-39. ISBN: 9780262521901.